Describe how antibiotics work to treat diseases caused by bacterial infections. (M2)
There are a lot of different antibiotics used to treat different diseases caused by bacterial infections. Antibiotics work to treat diseases in 2 ways; firstly the bactericidal can disturb the process which the bacteria needed to live by killing it and secondly a bacteriostatic avoid the reproduction and spread of bacteria by disrupting the production process of their new cells. Antibiotics cannot work for viral infections because the viruses do not have cell wall, so it does not have a goal to attack . We well know that antibiotics work to treat diseases caused by bacterial infections. The antibiotics work to destroy only bacteria and fungus because it have cell wall.
Some of them are classified as follows:
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Cephalosporin – It can be used to treat a large range of infections, but most important, is that serious infections can be treated such as septicaemia and meningitis. Meningitis infections are caused by meningococcus bacterium. This usually take place when bacteria from a higher respiratory infection go in bloodstream. It is extremely contagious and affects many teenagers. Cephalosporin antibiotics block the bacterial cell to make a protective wall, so the bacteria will die without it. The antibiotic can’t work for colds, flu or other virus infections.
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Aminoglycosides – This type of antibiotic is only used to treat grave illnesses, one example is septicaemia which can causes big negative effects like kidney damage and hearing loss. Aminoglycosides antibiotics can be dissolved quickly into the stomach, so they should take by injected. Also it can be used as drops for eye or ear infections. These antibiotics work by intoducing ribosomes, preventing the translocation of the peptidyl-tRNA leaving the bacteria to be unable for synthesize proteins to its growth.
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Tetracycline – Also this can be used for many infections, but are commonly used to treat severe acne and a condition called rosacea that can causes reddening of the skin and spots. The name of bacteria that causes rosacea is bacillus oleronius. Tetracycline stop the enzyme reactions for the essential processes of bacteria cells. The antibiotic works by compulsory to the ribosome of the bacteria and prevent the attachment of the aminoacyl tRNA to the RNA-ribosome.